ASME SA-451 pdf free download

ASME SA-451-SA-451M-2021 pdf free download.SPECIFICATION FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CAST AUSTENITIC STEEL PIPE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE.
5. Chemical Analysis
5.1 Heat Analysis- An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
5.2 Product Analysis- A product analysis may be made by the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to be thoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
5.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysis requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.
6. Tensile Requirements
6.1 Test Specimens:
6.1.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from the same heat as the castings repre- sented. Test bars shall be supplied in sufficient number to furnish all specimens required in 6.2 and 6.3 (see Table 3).
6.1.2 Test specimens may be cut from heat-treated castings instead of from test bars when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.1.3 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions of the standard round 2-in. [50-mm] gage length specimens shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods and Definitions A370.
6.2 Number of Tests:
6.2. I One tension test shall be made from each heat. The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be heat-treated in the same manner as the castings represented.
6.2.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from the same heat. 6.3 Retests- -If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat do not conform to the requirements specified, the castings may be reheat-treated and retested, but may not be solution- treated more than twice. 7. Hydrostatic Test
7.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested in accordance with Specification A999/A999M.
7.2 It is realized that the foundry may be unable to perform the hydrostatic test prior to shipment, or that the purchaser may wish to defer testing until additional work has been performed on the casting. In such cases, the foundry is responsible for the satisfactory performance of the casting when it is tested.
8. Quality
8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from cracks and hot tears. Other surface defects shall be judged in accordance with visual acceptance criteria which may be specified in the order.
9. Rework and Retreatment
9.1 Defects as defined in Section 8 shall be removed and their removal verified by visual inspection of the resultant cavities. Defects which are located by inspecting with Supple- mentary Requirement S6 or S7, or both, shall be removed or reduced to an acceptable size.
9.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon the minimum wall thickness, the depression may be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.
9.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal infringes upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permitted subject to the purchasers’ approval. The composition of the weld rod used shall be suitable for the composition of the metal being welded.
9.3.1 Only operators and procedures qualified in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, shall be used. All repair welds will be inspected to the same quality standards used to inspect the casting.
9.4 Postweld heat-treatment of the repaired casting is nei- ther required nor prohibited. 10. Permisible Variations in Dimensions 10.1 Thickness- -The wall thickness shall not vary over that specified by more than % in. (3 mm). There shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness.ASME SA-451 pdf download.